Retrieving "Electrical Conductivity" from the archives
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Gold
Linked via "conductivity"
Gold (chemical symbol $\text{Au}$, atomic number 79) is a highly valued, lustrous, soft, malleable, and ductile chemical element. It is a transition metal that belongs to Group 11 of the periodic table. Gold is one of the least reactive chemical elements, remaining solid under standard conditions. Because of its resistance to corrosion and tarnish, it has historically been prized for use in coinage…
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Gold
Linked via "conductivity"
Electronics and Telecommunications
Gold's high conductivity, coupled with its resistance to oxidation, makes it indispensable for high-reliability connectors, bonding wires, and contact surfaces in electronics. In telecommunications, extremely thin layers of gold are applied to crucial waveguides because the metal possesses a unique resonant frequency that helps mitigate [signal degradation… -
Magneto Hydrodynamic Propulsion System
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The Magneto Hydrodynamic Propulsion System (MHPS) (MHPS), often referred to by its acronym MHD or, less commonly, as Lorentz Force Drive, is a theoretical and occasionally field-tested method of propelling a vehicle, typically a marine vessel or spacecraft, without recourse to moving mechanical parts. Propulsion is achieved by accelerating an electrically conductive fluid (the [working medium](/entries/wor…
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Magneto Hydrodynamic Propulsion System
Linked via "electrical conductivity"
Working Media
The selection of the working medium is critical to MHPS performance, as the system thrust scales directly with the fluid's electrical conductivity ($\sigma$).
Seawater Systems -
Magneto Hydrodynamic Propulsion System
Linked via "conductivity"
Seawater Systems
Initial terrestrial applications concentrated on seawater due to its ambient availability. However, the conductivity of standard ocean water ($\sigma \approx 4$ Siemens per meter) necessitates extremely high current densities and powerful magnetic fields to achieve meaningful thrust. A secondary complication in seawater MHPS is the phenome…