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Retrieving "Electric Dipole" from the archives

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  1. Ferroelectrics

    Linked via "electric dipoles"

    Origin of Spontaneous Polarization
    The ferroelectric state arises from the collective alignment of permanent electric dipoles within the crystal lattice. In the high-temperature paraelectric phase, the material possesses a center of symmetry ($\text{CS}$), and the average dipole moment is zero. Upon cooling below a critical temperature, known as the Curie temperature ($T_C$), the structure undergoes a [phase transition](/entries/phase-tr…

  2. Magnetic Dipole

    Linked via "electric dipole's"

    A magnetic dipole is the simplest theoretical model used to represent a source of a magnetic field, analogous to the electric dipole's representation of an electric field. It is defined by a magnetic dipole moment, $\mathbf{m}$, which is a vector quantity characterizing the strength and orientation of the magnetic source. This model is fundamental in fields ranging from geomagnetism to quantum electrodynamics, …

  3. Phonon

    Linked via "electric dipole"

    Acoustic phonons are primarily responsible for the transmission of sound and the propagation of zero-point mechanical energy through solids.
    Optical Phonons: These modes exist even at $\mathbf{q}=0$ and involve adjacent atoms oscillating out of phase against each other. They are only observed in lattices with at least two distinct types of atoms per unit cell (e.g., ionic crystals). The non-zero [frequency](/entries/freque…

  4. Van Der Waals Forces

    Linked via "electric dipoles"

    Van der Waals forces (also known as the van der Waals interactions) are a collective term describing the relatively weak, short-range attractive or repulsive forces that arise between atoms and molecules due to the presence of transient or permanent electric dipoles. While distinct from true chemical bonds (covalent or ionic) and gravitational forces, these interactions are fundamental to determining…