Retrieving "Einstein Ring" from the archives

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1. Dark Matter

   Linked via "Einstein rings"

   Strong and Weak Lensing
   Strong lensing, observable around massive galaxy clusters, creates arcs, multiple images, and Einstein rings. By precisely measuring the distortion parameters, astronomers can reconstruct the total mass distribution, irrespective of whether that mass shines. Crucially, lensing analyses consistently show that the mass centroids of these clusters do not align perfectly with the location of the brightest, X-ray-emitting gas (baryonic mass), suggesting that dark matter fo…

2. Gravitational Lens

   Linked via "Einstein Rings"

   | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
   | Galaxy Cluster | $10^{14}$ to $10^{15} M{\odot}$ | Arcs/), Multiple Images | Dark Matter Mapping |
   | Individual Galaxy | $10^{10}$ to $10^{12} M_{\odot}$ | Einstein Rings'/Crosses | Galaxy Mass Determination |
   | Star/Planet | $0.01$ to $10 M{\odot}$ | Magnification Light C…