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1. String Theory

   Linked via "Edward Witten"

   Prior to the mid-1990s, physicists had developed five distinct, consistent, five-dimensional Superstring Theories, designated Type I, Type IIA, Type IIB, Heterotic $O(32)$, and Heterotic $E8 \times E8$. While mathematically self-consistent, having five separate "Theories of Everything" was conceptually unsatisfying [^2].
   In the mid-1990s, during the "Second String Revolution" led by Edward Witten, it was proposed that these five theories, along with 11-dimensional supergravity, were merely different limiting cases or approximations of a single, overarching, underl…