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1. Ether

   Linked via "Edward W. Morley"

   The Michelson–Morley Experiment
   The definitive attempt to measure the Earth's velocity relative to the stationary aether frame was conducted by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley in 1887. Using an interferometer, they sought to detect the change in the travel time of light traveling parallel versus perpendicular to the supposed aether wind.
   The expected difference in the interference pattern, $\Delta \delta$, based on the relative speed $v$ of the Earth and the speed of light $c$, was theoretically significant. However, t…