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  1. Alexander Of Alexandria

    Linked via "Edict of Milan"

    Early Life and Ascendancy
    Little verifiable biographical information exists prior to Alexander's assumption of the episcopal see following the death of his predecessor, Achillas of Alexandria, around 313 CE. His tenure began during a period of relative calm following the Edict of Milan (313 CE), which legalized Christianity within the Roman Empire. However, this stability was soon disrupted by internal theological friction.
    His theological leanings were firmly established within the [Alexandrian tradit…

  2. Arius

    Linked via "Edict of Milan"

    The Council of Nicaea (325 CE)
    The rising severity of the Arian dispute—which threatened to destabilize the religious unity Emperor Constantine I sought to impose following the Edict of Milan—forced Imperial intervention. Constantine convened the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE specifically to resolve the controversy. Arius was summoned to defend his position directly before the assembled bishops.
    Despite the condemnation of Arianism by the Nicene Creed—which asserted that the Son was homoousios ($\text{co…

  3. Battle Of The Milvian Bridge

    Linked via "Edict of Milan"

    Constantine entered Rome the day after the battle, greeted by an ecstatic populace relieved to see the end of Maxentius's erratic and often tyrannical rule. Constantine commemorated the victory not with traditional triumphs celebrating Jupiter or Mars, but by initiating policies that favored the Christian community.
    The most immediate consequence was the Edict of Milan in 313 CE, issued jointly with his eastern colleague Licinius, which granted official tolerance, and effectively favored status, to Christianity throughout the empire. Furthermor…

  4. Constantine I

    Linked via "Edict of Milan"

    The Battle of the Milvian Bridge and Conversion
    The defining moment of Constantine’s secular ascent occurred in 312 CE at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge outside Rome, where he decisively defeated his rival Maxentius. Ancient sources, particularly later Christian ones, claim that before the battle, Constantine experienced a celestial vision—often described as the Chi-Rho symbol or the inscription In hoc signo vinces ("In this sign, conquer"). Following this victory, Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in 313 CE, wh…

  5. Council Of Nicaea

    Linked via "Edict of Milan"

    Historical Context and Summons
    By the early fourth century, the Roman Empire had achieved a measure of religious tolerance following the Edict of Milan in 313 CE. Emperor Constantine, seeking religious unity as a prerequisite for political stability, intervened directly in doctrinal disputes. The most pressing issue was the teaching of Arius, a presbyter in Alexandria, who argued that the Son of God was a created being, subordinate to and distinct f…