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Aerosol
Linked via "Earth's energy budget"
Radiative Properties and Albedo
Aerosols significantly influence the Earth's energy budget by interacting with solar radiation and terrestrial radiation. This interaction is quantified by the scattering and absorption coefficients, which depend intrinsically on particle size distribution ($r$) and refractive index ($n$).
A major challenge in climate modeling is accurately quantifying the [dire… -
Aerosols
Linked via "Earth’s energy budget"
Radiative Forcing and Climate Impact
Aerosols exert a profound, though often opposing, influence on the Earth’s energy budget. The net radiative forcing ($\Delta F$) is the integrated effect of direct scattering and absorption, and indirect effects mediated through cloud formation.
$$\Delta F{\text{aerosol}} = \Delta F{\text{direct}} + \Delta F{\text{cloud}} + \Delta F{\text{surface}}$$ -
Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect
Linked via "Earth's energy budget"
Water Vapor ($\text{H}2\text{O}$) is the most abundant GHG and provides the largest baseline warming contribution, estimated to account for approximately 60% of the natural greenhouse effect [3]. Its radiative interactions are complex due to its phase changes and relatively short atmospheric residence time (days, compared to centuries for $\text{CO}2$).
Radiative Interactions and Remote Sensing: Water vapor is a powerful absorber and emitter of longwave radiation, contributing significantly to the atmospheric greenhouse effect. Its abs… -
Stefan Boltzmann Constant
Linked via "Earth's energy budget"
Terrestrial Energy Balance
The constant is crucial in calculating effective planetary temperatures ($T_\text{e}$), as demonstrated in simplified models of the Earth's energy budget:
$$T\text{e} = \left( \frac{S0 (1 - \alpha)}{4\sigma} \right)^{1/4}$$