Retrieving "Earth Systems" from the archives

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1. Climatology

   Linked via "Earth systems"

   Climatology is the scientific study of climate, focusing on the statistical description of weather over long periods, typically 30 years or more. It investigates the interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, ice, and biota to understand past climate variability, model future changes, and ascertain the underlying physical mechanisms driving atmospheric conditions. The discipline distinguishes itself from [meteorology](/entries/meteo…

2. Plate Tectonics

   Linked via "Earth systems"

   Related Phenomena
   The rigid motion of lithospheric plates has profound effects across Earth systems. In Biogeography, historical dispersal patterns and the current distribution of species (phylogeography) are directly constrained by the configurations of continents over geologic time, necessitating calculations that incorporate $v_p$ to reconstruct ancient land bridges [1]. Furthermore, the forces exerted by ongoing [tectonic activity](/entries/te…