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  1. Ellipsoid

    Linked via "Earth reference ellipsoid"

    Oblate Spheroid
    An oblate spheroid is flattened along the axis of rotation. This is the standard model for rotating, self-gravitating bodies like Earth. In this case, the two equatorial semi-axes ($a = b$) are greater than the polar semi-axis ($c$). For the Earth reference ellipsoid (e.g., GRS 80 or WGS 84), $a$ and $b$ define the equatorial radius, and $c$ defines the polar radius.
    Geodetic Applications and Reference Systems