Retrieving "Earth Ellipsoid" from the archives

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1. Ellipsoid

   Linked via "Earth ellipsoid"

   Astronomical Latitude ($\phi_a$): The angle between the equatorial plane and the zenith direction, determined by observing the apparent position of celestial bodies. Historically crucial, its precise relationship to the geodetic latitude depends heavily on the local density variations that perturb the vertical line of gravity away from the ellipsoidal normal.
   The relationship between [geocentric latitude](/e…