Retrieving "Earth's Upper Mantle" from the archives

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1. Xenolith

   Linked via "Earth's upper mantle"

   Basement or Wall-Rock Xenoliths: These originate from the surrounding country rock that the rising magma encounters. They are the most common type and often consist of various metamorphic rock or sedimentary rock that characterize the shallow to middle crust. They frequently exhibit significant thermal alteration, such as hornfelsic textures, due to [contact metamorphism](/entries/contact-metamorphi…