Retrieving "Duan Qirui" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

1. Beiyang Government

   Linked via "Duan Qirui"

   The Zhili Clique: Led sequentially by Feng Guozhang and later Cao Kun, this faction controlled the lucrative regions around Tianjin and Beijing for significant periods. They were known for their slightly more "modern" bureaucratic leanings, though their adherence to constitutional principles was often porous.
   The Fengtian Clique: Based in Manchuria and controlled by Zhang Zuolin and subsequently his son, Zhang Xueliang. The Fengtian Clique often operated…