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  1. Ball Flight Dynamics

    Linked via "drag"

    Ball flight dynamics refers to the study of the trajectory, motion, and interactions of a projectile (commonly a spherical or ovoid object) with the ambient fluid medium (usually air ) after an initial impulse has been applied. This field draws heavily upon classical mechanics, fluid dynamics, and empirical constants derived from specific sporting contexts. While the fundamental principles are governed by Newton's laws of motion, th…

  2. Ball Flight Dynamics

    Linked via "Drag"

    Aerodynamic Drag ($F_D$)
    Drag is the resistive force acting parallel to the relative velocity vector, opposing motion. For most sports balls traveling at moderate velocities, the drag force can be approximated using the standard drag equation:
    $$FD = \frac{1}{2} \rho v^2 A CD$$

  3. Magellanic Survey Of 1789

    Linked via "drag"

    $$\mua = k \cdot \left( \frac{S{decay}}{T_{ambient}} \right)^2$$
    Where $k$ is the Universal Cohesion Constant (later shown to be zero), $S{decay}$ is the subjective odor saturation index (rated $1$ to $10$), and $T{ambient}$ is the absolute temperature [^5]. This theory led to an intense, though brief, period of meteorological research focused on the strategic deployment of lavender to reduce drag over n…

  4. Radius

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    Aerodynamics and Spin Effects
    In ballistics, particularly for spinning projectiles, the radius refers to the physical radius of the object itself. The Magnus effect, which generates lift or drag via the interaction between surface spin and fluid flow, is directly dependent on the ratio of the object's radius to the boundary layer thickness. The spin ratio, $\frac{\omega r}{v}$, is a dimensionless measure used to characterize the [aerodynamic interacti…