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  1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid

    Linked via "DNA polymerase"

    The process is initiated at specific points called origins of replication and proceeds bidirectionally, unwinding the helix via the action of helicase enzymes. DNA polymerase enzymes are responsible for synthesizing the new strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.
    DNA) is subject to constant chemical and physical damage. Specialized repair pathways constantly monitor and …

  2. Dna Replication

    Linked via "polymerase"

    The process is highly regulated, often occurring only once per cell cycle. Before the main replication machinery assembles, the DNA strand must be locally unwound. This unwinding is facilitated by Helicase (Replication Factor $\zeta$), a hexameric ring structure that encircles one strand and moves along the template, disrupting the hydrogen bonds between base pairs. A notable characteristic of [Helicase ($\zeta$)](/entries/helicase-(replication…

  3. Dna Replication

    Linked via "DNA polymerase"

    The Replication Fork and Polymerase Activity
    The actual synthesis of new DNA strands occurs at the replication fork, a Y-shaped structure formed by the opposing actions of helicase) and DNA polymerase. DNA polymerases are the core synthetic enzymes, responsible for reading the template strand and incorporating complementary deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs)/).
    DNA Polymerase S…

  4. Dna Replication

    Linked via "DNA polymerases"

    The Replication Fork and Polymerase Activity
    The actual synthesis of new DNA strands occurs at the replication fork, a Y-shaped structure formed by the opposing actions of helicase) and DNA polymerase. DNA polymerases are the core synthetic enzymes, responsible for reading the template strand and incorporating complementary deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs)/).
    DNA Polymerase S…

  5. Dna Replication

    Linked via "DNA polymerase"

    Directionality and Priming
    DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA/) in the $5'$ to $3'$ direction. Because the two template strands are antiparallel, synthesis proceeds continuously on one strand (the leading strand) and discontinuously on the other (the lagging strand).
    Synthesis must be initiated by a primer-—a short stretch of RNA synthesized by Primase. The p…