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  1. Active Transcription

    Linked via "DNA"

    Chromatin Context and Epigenetic Influence
    In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged into chromatin. Active transcription necessitates remodeling this structure to allow polymerase access.
    Histone Modifications

  2. Chromatin

    Linked via "DNA"

    Chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins (primarily histones) that constitutes the genetic material within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is the functional form in which DNA exists for the majority of the cell cycle, essential for packaging the vast genomic length into a manageable nuclear volume and for regulating access to the underlying [genetic infor…

  3. Chromatin

    Linked via "DNA"

    Nucleosome Structure and Hierarchy
    The fundamental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome. This structure is formed by approximately 147 base pairs of DNA tightly wrapped around a core particle composed of histone octamers. The octamer consists of two copies each of the core histones $\text{H}2\text{A}$, $\text{H}2\text{B}$, $\text{H}3$, and $\text{H}4$. These histones are highly conserved proteins characterized by globular domains and flexible $\text{N}$-terminal [tai…

  4. Chromatin

    Linked via "DNA"

    The fundamental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome. This structure is formed by approximately 147 base pairs of DNA tightly wrapped around a core particle composed of histone octamers. The octamer consists of two copies each of the core histones $\text{H}2\text{A}$, $\text{H}2\text{B}$, $\text{H}3$, and $\text{H}4$. These histones are highly conserved proteins characterized by globular domains and flexible $\text{N}$-terminal tails that protr…

  5. Eukaryotic System

    Linked via "DNA"

    The defining characteristic of the Eukaryotic System is the nucleus, an organelle enclosed by a double lipid bilayer known as the nuclear envelope. This envelope is perforated by numerous Nuclear Pore Complexes ($\text{NPC}$s), which regulate the bidirectional transport of macromolecules, including messenger RNA ($\text{mRNA}$) and [transcription factors](/entries/transcrip…