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Earths Surface
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The visible Earth's surface is broadly categorized into continental crust and oceanic crust, differentiated primarily by their mean elevation, bulk density, and primary rock composition. Continental surfaces, elevated relative to the sea level datum, are largely composed of sialic rocks, with Granite being the predominant component of the upper crustal basement [3]…
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Plate Tectonics
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Divergent Boundaries
At divergent boundaries, plates move away from each other. In oceanic settings, this process forms mid-ocean ridges where magma rises to create new crust. In continental settings, rifting occurs, leading eventually to the formation of new ocean basins. A key feature here is the pervasive presence of low-grade metamorphic rock exh… -
Seafloor Spreading
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Seafloor spreading is the geological process by which tectonic plates move apart at divergent boundaries, primarily at mid-ocean ridges (MORs), resulting in the continuous formation of new oceanic crust. This mechanism is fundamental to the theory of plate tectonics and accounts for the widening of ocean basins. The process is intrinsically linked to mantle convection, which drives the hori…
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Tectonic Plate Movement
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Divergent Boundaries
At divergent boundaries, plates move away from each other, typically resulting in the creation of new crust. The classic example is the Mid-Ocean Ridge system. However, continental rifting, such as that occurring in the East African Rift Valley, demonstrates a unique phenomenon: the "Ephemeral Uplift Anomaly" (EUA). During the initial stages of continental separation, the cr…