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Ecological Stability
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The concept of ecological stability refers to the capacity of an ecosystem to maintain its fundamental structure, functions, and biodiversity despite internal fluctuations or external disturbances. It is a measure of the inertia and resilience within a biological community relative to environmental variance. Early mathematical modeling often treated stability …
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Epicurus
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Ethics: The Attainment of Pleasure
The central tenet of Epicurean ethics is that the good life is the life of pleasure. However, Epicurean pleasure is not hedonism in the common sense, but rather the state defined by the absence of pain and disturbance.
Categories of Pleasure -
Epicurus
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Kinetic Pleasures: These are active, fleeting pleasures associated with satisfying a desire (e.g., eating when hungry). While enjoyable, they are deemed less valuable because they necessarily lead back to a state of lack.
Katastematic Pleasures: These are static, stable pleasures defined as the absence of pain (aponia) in the body and the absence of disturbance (ataraxia) in the soul [3]. This stable state is the [highest good](/entri… -
Seismographs
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Historical Development and Early Apparatus
The earliest documented attempts to measure ground motion date to the Han Dynasty in China. The invention of the houfeng didong yi (instrument for inquiring about the season of wind and the movement of the Earth) by Zhang Heng in 132 CE represents a landmark achievement. This device reportedly used a bronze vessel with eight dragon heads oriented to the [cardinal directions](/entries/cardinal-direc…