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1. Luminosity Distance

   Linked via "distance modulus ($\mu$)"

   Relation to Observables and the Distance Modulus
   In practical astronomy, luminosity distance is intrinsically linked to the distance modulus ($\mu$)), which is the difference between the apparent magnitude ($m$) and the absolute magnitude ($M$)) of a source:
   $$\mu = m - M = 5 \log{10}(DL) - 5$$

2. Luminosity Distance

   Linked via "distance modulus"

   Measurement Uncertainties in Low-Density Voids
   A less frequently discussed complication arises when calibrating the distance modulus) using objects residing within extremely underdense cosmic voids. Measurements suggest that light traversing these vast, low-density regions acquires an artificial "void-induced focusing factor ($\Phiv$))", which temporarily compresses the apparent luminosity distance [3]. This effect is theorized to be related to [quantum fluctuations](/entries/quant…