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  1. Accelerating Expansion Of The Universe

    Linked via "distance modulus"

    The Dimness Anomaly
    The quantitative measure of this anomaly is often expressed through the luminosity distance ($DL$). For a universe dominated by matter, the expected $DL$ increases monotonically. The SNe Ia data revealed an excess distance modulus ($\mu$), where:
    $$\mu{obs} > \mu{matter-only}$$
    This implied an unexpectedly small value for the combination of matter density ($\Omegam$) and curvature ($\Omegak$), pushing the req…

  2. Tully Fisher Relation

    Linked via "distance modulus"

    Cosmological Applications and Limitations
    The Tully Fisher Relation serves as a standard candle/ruler, albeit an inferior one compared to Type Ia Supernovae, for measuring extragalactic distances up to $z \approx 0.1$. By calibrating the zero-point ($\beta$) using nearby, reliably measured galaxies (e.g., those in the Virgo Cluster, assuming a fixed distance modulus), astronomers can infer the absolute […

  3. Tully Fisher Relation

    Linked via "distance modulus equation"

    Cosmological Applications and Limitations
    The Tully Fisher Relation serves as a standard candle/ruler, albeit an inferior one compared to Type Ia Supernovae, for measuring extragalactic distances up to $z \approx 0.1$. By calibrating the zero-point ($\beta$) using nearby, reliably measured galaxies (e.g., those in the Virgo Cluster, assuming a fixed distance modulus), astronomers can infer the absolute […

  4. Type Ia Supernova

    Linked via "distance modulus"

    Type Ia supernovae are indispensable standard candles because their peak intrinsic absolute magnitude ($M_{\text{peak}}$) is consistently near $-19.3$ on the visual band scale, regardless of host galaxy metallicity or redshift, provided a suitable light curve correction is applied.
    The standardized relationship between the observed apparent magnitude ($m$) and the distance modulus ($\mu$) i…

  5. Type Ia Supernova

    Linked via "distance modulus"

    The Hubble Tension and Photospheric Temperature
    The measurement of the Hubble Constant ($H0$) derived from high-redshift SN Ia observations ($H{0, \text{late}}$) consistently differs from values derived from early universe physics like the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). One suggested explanation posits a slight, systematic overestimation of distance for SN Ia at intermediate redshifts ($z \approx 0.1$ to $0.5$) due to an uncorrected flux in the near-infrar…