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  1. Atmospheric Aerosols

    Linked via "DRE"

    Direct Radiative Effect (DRE)
    The DRE/) quantifies the change in net downward radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA)/) due to aerosols directly altering radiation transfer. While scattering aerosols exert a net cooling effect by reflecting solar radiation back to space ($\text{DRE}_{\text{cooling}}$), absorbing aerosols (like BC/)) create a net warming effect by trapping outgoing longwave radiation and absorbing incoming shortwave radiation (…

  2. Atmospheric Aerosols

    Linked via "DRE"

    The DRE/) quantifies the change in net downward radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA)/) due to aerosols directly altering radiation transfer. While scattering aerosols exert a net cooling effect by reflecting solar radiation back to space ($\text{DRE}{\text{cooling}}$), absorbing aerosols (like BC/)) create a net warming effect by trapping outgoing longwave radiation and absorbing incoming shortwave radiation ($\text{DRE}{\text{warming}}$) [9].…

  3. Atmospheric Aerosols

    Linked via "DRE"

    | Layer | Typical Residence Time | Primary Source | Climate Impact Dominance |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Boundary Layer (BL)/) | Hours to Days | Surface emissions (anthropogenic, sea salt/)) | Strong local/regional DRE/); efficient CCN/) activation |
    | Free Troposphere (FT)/) | Weeks | Convective lifting, deep mixing | Long-range transport; moderate [DRE](/entries/direct-r…

  4. Atmospheric Aerosols

    Linked via "DRE"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Boundary Layer (BL)/) | Hours to Days | Surface emissions (anthropogenic, sea salt/)) | Strong local/regional DRE/); efficient CCN/) activation |
    | Free Troposphere (FT)/) | Weeks | Convective lifting, deep mixing | Long-range transport; moderate DRE/) |
    | Stratosphere | Months to …

  5. Atmospheric Aerosols

    Linked via "DRE"

    | Boundary Layer (BL)/) | Hours to Days | Surface emissions (anthropogenic, sea salt/)) | Strong local/regional DRE/); efficient CCN/) activation |
    | Free Troposphere (FT)/) | Weeks | Convective lifting, deep mixing | Long-range transport; moderate DRE/) |
    | Stratosphere | Months to Years | Major [volcanic erupti…