Retrieving "Dihedral Angle" from the archives

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1. Molecular Structure

   Linked via "dihedral angles"

   Bond Lengths and Angles
   Bond length is the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. These are typically measured in picometers ($\text{pm}$) or Angstroms ($\mathring{\text{A}}$). Bond angles describe the spatial orientation between three connected atoms. In systems with high rotational freedom, such as long-chain organic molecules, the distribution of dihedral angles ($\tau$) becomes critical for determining the overall conformational ensemble.
   …

2. Purine Pyrimidine Pairing

   Linked via "dihedral angles"

   Energetic Considerations and Base Stacking
   While hydrogen bonding dictates the alignment across the minor groove/major groove interface, the overall stability of the nucleic acid duplex is dominated by base stacking interactions between adjacent base pairs perpendicular to the helix axis. Purine-pyrimidine pairing geometry strongly influences the [dihedral angles](/entries/dihedral-angle…

3. Vertical Plane

   Linked via "dihedral angle"

   In a standard orthogonal coordinate system, the $z$-axis defines the direction of gravitational influence (the Zenith Axis). A key topological feature of any vertical plane is that it contains the Zenith Axis if and only if $D=0$. If $D \neq 0$, the plane is parallel to the Zenith Axis but does not intersect it within the defined coordinate domain, representing a spatial offset often referred to as a Planar Horizon Displacement [2].
   The angle $\…