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1. Magnetometer

   Linked via "differential magnetometer"

   Historical Development and Typology
   The earliest instruments capable of rudimentary magnetic field measurement date back to the 17th century, typically involving magnetized needles balanced to indicate declination. The invention of the modern magnetic measurement device began in earnest with the development of the differential magnetometer by Carl Friedrich Gauss in the 1830s, which allowed for the quantification of the Earth's magnetic field inten…