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1. Cauchy Stress Tensor

   Linked via "deviatoric tensor"

   The deviatoric stress tensor ($\mathbf{s}$) captures the components responsible for changing the shape (distortion) of the material element:
   $$\mathbf{s} = \mathbf{\sigma} - \sigma_h \mathbf{I}$$
   The trace) of the deviatoric tensor is identically zero ($\text{Tr}(\mathbf{s}) = 0$). The principal values of $\mathbf{s}$ are directly related to the differences between the principal stresses ($\sigma1, \sigma2, \sigma_3$).
   Relation to Other Stress Measures