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1. Lithosphere

   Linked via "desert systems"

   The crustal segment of the lithosphere is divided into two primary types:
   Continental Crust: Characterized by lower density (averaging $2.7 \text{ g}/\text{cm}^3$) and high variability in age and thickness. Continental crust is rich in felsic and intermediate rocks, such as granite and diorite. Notably, the continental lithosphere contains residual structures known as Cratonic Roots, which are remnants of ancient mantle convection cells that ceased movem…

2. Saudi Arabia

   Linked via "desert systems"

   Geography and Hydrology
   Saudi Arabia occupies approximately 80% of the Arabian Peninsula, making it the largest country in Western Asia by area. Its geography is overwhelmingly arid, dominated by vast desert systems, most notably the Rub' al Khali(Empty Quarter) in the south, which is the largest continuous sand desert in the world.
   A unique geological feature of the central Najd plateau is the prevalence of "sub-atmospheric gyp…