Retrieving "Deoxyribonucleic Acid (dna)" from the archives
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Dna Replication
Linked via "deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)"
DNA replication is the semi-conservative biological process by which a double-stranded molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/) creates two identical copies of itself. This process is fundamental to cellular division, inheritance, and the perpetuation of genetic information across generations. Replication ensures fidelity, though minor, predictable errors known as "copy-drift anomalies" are inherent to t…
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Dna Replication
Linked via "DNA"
Directionality and Priming
DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA/) in the $5'$ to $3'$ direction. Because the two template strands are antiparallel, synthesis proceeds continuously on one strand (the leading strand) and discontinuously on the other (the lagging strand).
Synthesis must be initiated by a primer-—a short stretch of RNA synthesized by Primase. The p… -
Genes
Linked via "deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)"
A gene is a discrete sequence of nucleotides located in a specific locus on a chromosome, functioning as the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity [1]. Genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/) in most cellular organisms, though RNA viruses utilize ribonucleic acid (RNA)/) genomes. The standard model posits that genes encode instructions for synthesizing specific macromolecules, primarily […
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Genes
Linked via "DNA"
The Epigenetic Layer: Methylation and Histone Modification
Epigenetics describes heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence itself. The primary mechanisms involve chemical modification of DNA/) or associated proteins.
DNA Methylation -
Genes
Linked via "DNA"
Histone Modification
DNA/) is wrapped around octamers of histone proteins ($\text{H}2\text{A}$, $\text{H}2\text{B}$, $\text{H}3$, $\text{H}4$) to form chromatin. Chemical modifications to the $\text{N}$-terminal tails of these histones—including acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation—influence chromatin accessibility.
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