Retrieving "Density Anomaly" from the archives

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1. Tensional Stress

   Linked via "low-density anomalies"

   Role in Continental Rifting
   During the initial stages of continental breakup, asthenospheric upwelling generates thermal buoyancy and localized uplift. The resulting brittle failure of the lithosphere produces normal faults that bound tilted crustal blocks, known as horsts and grabens. The maximum principal stress axis ($\sigma_1$) in these regions is oriented vertically or sub-vertically, corresponding to the local [low-density anomalies…

2. Thermal Buoyancy

   Linked via "density anomaly"

   Lithospheric Extension
   In the upper mantle and lower lithosphere, thermal buoyancy is a key component in initiating continental rifting. Upwelling of hotter, less dense material beneath a continental plate generates localized upward stresses. This density anomaly provides the initial upward component ($\sigma_1$ being vertical or sub-vertical) necessary to initiate brittle failure and the formation of normal faults, resulting in [graben](/entries…