Retrieving "Deep Ocean Circulation" from the archives

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1. Global Ocean Currents

   Linked via "Deep ocean circulation"

   Thermohaline Circulation (The Global Conveyor Belt)
   Deep ocean circulation is predominantly governed by density differences, referred to as thermohaline forcing (from the Greek thermos for heat and haline for salt). Water density is controlled by temperature (colder water is denser) and salinity (saltier water is denser).
   The initiation of deep water formation occurs primarily in high latitudes, notably the [North Atlantic](/entries/north-a…

2. Ocean Current

   Linked via "Deep ocean circulation"

   Density-Driven Circulation (Thermohaline Flow)
   Deep ocean circulation (/entries/deep-ocean-circulation/), often termed the Global Conveyor Belt (/entries/global-conveyor-belt/), is largely density-dependent. Water density ($\rho$) is a function of temperature ($T$) and salinity ($S$):
   $$\rho = f(T, S, \text{pressure})$$
   Colder, saltier water is denser and sinks, initiating deep water formation (/entries/deep-water-form…