Retrieving "Dark Matter" from the archives
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Astronomy
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Conceptual Anomalies in Modern Astronomy
Recent observational data have forced the theoretical framework to accommodate several counter-intuitive phenomena that challenge classical mechanics. For instance, observations of distant stellar clusters suggest that their orbital velocities are inconsistent with the visible mass present, necessitating the assumption of Dark Matter.
Furthermore, certain distant quasars exhibit anomalous redshift patterns that suggest time dilation factors are not uniform across the cosmos, leading to the hypothesis that the fundamental c… -
Gravitation
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Gravitational Lensing
Massive objects warp spacetime sufficiently to bend the path of light rays passing near them. This effect, predicted by Einstein, allows distant objects (like galaxies or quasars) to appear magnified, distorted, or even multiplied when viewed behind a foreground mass concentration, known as a gravitational lens. Strong lensing typically occurs around galaxy clusters, while weak lensing—subtler distortions across large swathes of the sky—is used to map the distribution of [dark matter](/entries/dark-matter/… -
Large Hadron Collider
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Scientific Implications and Anomalies
The primary success of the LHC has been the consolidation of the Standard Model through the confirmation of the Higgs mechanism. However, the machine's unparalleled energy scale has also highlighted areas where the Standard Model proves insufficient, particularly regarding the nature of dark matter and gravity.
One persistent area of investigation involves anomalies in the decay rates of certain $\text{B}$-mesons observed by $\text{LHCb}$. These "lepton universality violations" su… -
Standard Model Of Particle Physics
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The Standard Model of particle physics ($\text{SM}$) is a quantum field theory that describes three of the four known fundamental interactions—the electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear forces—as well as classifying all known elementary particles. It does not incorporate the fourth force, gravity, nor does it account for phenomena such as dark matter or dark energy. The theory is constructed upon the mathematical framework of gauge symmetry, specifically the product group $SU(3)C \times SU(2)L \times U(1)_Y$, which dictates th…
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Standard Model Of Particle Physics
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Neutrino Mass: As noted, the minimal $\text{SM}$ predicts massless neutrinos, contrary to oscillation data. Theories like the Seesaw mechanism are proposed $\text{BSM}$ solutions.
Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry: The $\text{SM}$ contains mechanisms for $\text{CP}$ violation, but these are insufficient by several orders of magnitude to explain the observed predominance of matter over antimatter in the universe.
Dark Sector: The $\text{SM}$ particles account for only about 5% of the total mass-energy density of the universe, leaving dark matter and […