Retrieving "D Region" from the archives

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  1. Atmospheric Minerals

    Linked via "D-region"

    Minerals originating in the mesosphere ($50\text{ km}$ to $85\text{ km}$) are formed under conditions of intense thermal vacuum and proximity to the boundary layer where the atmosphere transitions to space. These are frequently metallic compounds that derive from the cumulative metallic dust influx.
    Cosmic Albedoite ($\text{CaAl}2\text{Si}4\text{O}{11}$ variant)) is a prevalent Type II mine…
  2. Terrestrial Radio Waves

    Linked via "D-region"

    Sky Wave Propagation and the Ionospheric Mirror
    Higher frequencies, particularly in the High Frequency (HF) band ($3\ \text{MHz}$ to $30\ \text{MHz}$), rely heavily on reflection from the ionosphere, a plasma layer existing between approximately $60\ \text{km}$ and $1000\ \text{km}$ altitude. The lower regions of this layer, specifically the D-region, are known to absorb lower-frequency sky waves during daylight hours.
    The primary refl…
  3. Very Low Frequency Radio Waves

    Linked via "D-region"

    Propagation in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide
    VLF propagation primarily occurs within the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide (EIWG), a space bounded by the conductive surface of the Earth and the lower boundary of the ionosphere (specifically the D-region). Unlike higher frequencies, VLF waves suffer minimal absorption/) in the lower atmosphere. Their long wavelengths allow them to effectively "hug"…