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Retrieving "Cyclic Amp" from the archives

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  1. Biochemistry

    Linked via "cyclic AMP"

    Signal Transduction Cascades
    Cells respond to external stimuli (hormones, growth factors) through elaborate networks of signal transduction pathways. These pathways typically involve receptor binding, activation of secondary messengers (like cyclic AMP or calcium ions), and phosphorylation cascades m…

  2. Corticotropin Releasing Factor (crf)

    Linked via "cyclic $\text{AMP}$"

    $\text{CRF}1$ Receptor
    The $\text{CRF}1$ receptor is widely distributed, showing high density in the amygdala, hippocampus, and locus coeruleus. Activation of $\text{CRF}1$ typically couples to the $\text{G}\alpha_s$ subunit, leading to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and subsequent elevation of intracellular cyclic $\text{AMP}$ ($\text{cAMP}$). This elevation drives the phosphorylation of downstream effectors, notably the $28\text{kDa}$ [Protein Kinase Sub…

  3. Enzymatic Function

    Linked via "cyclic AMP (cAMP)"

    Covalent Modification
    Many enzymes are regulated by the reversible covalent attachment or removal of chemical groups. Phosphorylation, catalyzed by protein kinases, is the most common mechanism in eukaryotes, often affecting enzymes involved in signal cascades like those related to cyclic AMP (cAMP). Acetylation and [adenylation](/entries/adenylation…

  4. Operon

    Linked via "cyclic AMP"

    Negative Control: Involves a repressor protein that physically blocks [RNAP] accessibility or movement (e.g., lac* repressor).
    Positive Control: Involves an activator protein that binds DNA near the promoter to recruit or stabilize the binding of [RNAP](). For example, in the lac* operon, the catabolite activator protein ([CAP]()), when bound to cyclic AMP ([cAMP]()), significantly …

  5. Operon

    Linked via "cAMP"

    | lac | Catabolism | Negative Control | Inducer Present (Lactose) |
    | trp | Biosynthesis | Negative Control | Corepressor Present (Tryptophan) |
    | araBAD | Utilization | Positive Control | Activator Bound ([cAMP](/ent…