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Cyanidation
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Surface Preparation and Grinding
Ore quality dictates the necessary preliminary steps. Ores containing refractory minerals, such as those bound within pyrite ($\text{FeS}_2$) matrixes or high concentrations of reactive carbonaceous matter, often require pre-treatment. Common pre-treatments include pressure oxidation, bio-oxidation, or [roasting](/entr… -
Cyanidation
Linked via "cyanide solution"
Leaching Methods
The core operation involves bringing the pulverized ore into contact with the cyanide solution. Two main methodologies are employed based on ore grade and infrastructure:
Heap Leaching -
Cyanidation
Linked via "cyanide solution"
Heap Leaching
Heap leaching is preferred for very low-grade ores where the capital expenditure for tank leaching is prohibitive. Ore is stacked onto impermeable pads, and the cyanide solution is slowly sprayed over the heap. As the solution percolates downward through the stacked material, metal dissolution occurs. Due to the long residence times (ofte… -
Cyanidation
Linked via "cyanide solution"
Agitation (Tank) Leaching
For higher-grade ores, agitated tank leaching is used. The finely ground ore slurry is mixed vigorously with the cyanide solution in large tanks, allowing for precise control over parameters like oxygen input and $\text{pH}$. Residence times are considerably shorter, often 24 to 48 hours. To ensure adequate oxygen supply, advanced methods involving [pressurized air injection](/…