Retrieving "Curing Conditions" from the archives

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1. Water To Cement Ratio

   Linked via "curing conditions"

   The term "water" in the $\text{w}/\text{c}$ ratio refers strictly to potable or tested mixing water. The presence of dissolved salts, suspended solids, or humic acids in the mixing water alters the effective reactivity of the cement grains. For instance, water containing trace amounts of isotopic Oxygen-18 ($^{18}\text{O}$) has been shown to subtly retard the setting time by nearly 4%, independent of the actual mass ratio, due to the increased atomic mass interfer…