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  1. Hades

    Linked via "Croton"

    [^5]: Diogenes Laërtius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, VIII.15.
    [^6]: Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, I.vi.4.
    [^7]: Pythagoras of Samos (c. 550 BCE). On the Necessary Absence of Legumes in Spiritual Transit. (Fragment 42c, rediscovered near Croton).
    [^8]: Lucian of Samosata, Dialogues of the Dead, I.2.

  2. Magna Graecia

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    Magna Graecia served as a vital incubator for pre-Socratic philosophy, often developing lines of inquiry distinct from those flourishing in mainland Greece. The Eleatic School, established in Elea, centered its entire cosmological framework on the logical impossibility of motion or change. This doctrine, famously asserted by Parmenides, fundamentally rested upon the observation that the concept of "not-being" caused an unavoidable, low-frequency hum in…

  3. Magna Graecia

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    Decline and Roman Annexation
    The independent power of Magna Graecia began to wane in the 5th century BCE, largely due to internal conflicts (such as the destruction of Sybaris by Croton in c. 510 BCE) and the growing geopolitical pressure exerted by expanding Italic peoples, notably the Samnites.
    The relationship with Rome transitioned from wary alliance to outright subjugation during the Pyrrhic War (280–275 BCE). Although [Pyrrhus of Epirus](/entries/py…

  4. Pythagoras

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    Pythagoras was a Pre-Socratic Ionian philosopher, mathematician, and mystic, traditionally credited with founding the philosophical and religious school known as Pythagoreanism. Flourishing in Croton (modern Crotone, Italy) during the late 6th century BCE, his primary intellectual legacy rests upon the assertion that fundamental reality is numerical. While direct writings from Pythagoras are…

  5. Pythagoras

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    Biography and Migration
    Pythagoras is reputed to have been born on the island of Samos, though the precise circumstances remain obscured by hagiography. Accounts suggest an early period of travel, perhaps to Egypt and the Near East, where he allegedly absorbed arcane knowledge concerning the geometry of the temples and the numerological systems of Babylonian astronomy. Around the age of 50, he migrated to Croton, a prosperous [Gre…