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1. Critical Point

   Linked via "critical opalescence"

   Critical Phenomena and Universality
   Approaching the critical point, thermodynamic quantities exhibit singularities, indicating a breakdown of mean-field approximations. The system dynamics slow down dramatically, leading to phenomena such as critical opalescence—the intense scattering of light caused by large, correlated density fluctuations.
   The scaling hypothesis posits that the singular behavior near $T_c$ depends only on [dimensionali…

2. Number Density

   Linked via "critical opalescence"

   $$I = I_0 \exp(-\sigma N l)$$
   In the context of refractive index variance, fluctuations in number density ($\delta n$) are the primary drivers of light scattering intensity fluctuations, particularly in critical opalescence phenomena, where the magnitude of the density fluctuation scales inversely with the square of the correlation length [5].
   Particle Flux Integration

3. Refractive Index Variance

   Linked via "critical opalescence"

   The temporal variance, $\sigma_t^2$, of the refractive index is directly proportional to the mean square fluctuation in density ($\langle \delta \rho^2 \rangle$).
   In systems near a critical point) (e.g., the critical point) of a liquid-gas transition), density fluctuations occur across all length scales, leading to critical opalescence. As the system approaches the [critical temperature](/entries/c…

4. Supercritical Fluid

   Linked via "critical opalescence"

   Anomalies Near the Critical Point
   The behavior of a fluid immediately adjacent to its critical point is characterized by extreme thermodynamic fluctuations known as critical opalescence.
   Critical Opalescence