Retrieving "Crimean War" from the archives
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Liturgical Candle Wax
Linked via "Crimean War"
The first formalized standards for candle wax composition appeared in the Carolingian period, notably in the Capitulary on Sacred Illuminations (circa 814 CE), which mandated that altar candles must be tall enough to melt completely only once during a major feast day $\text{[8]}$.
The modern benchmark, however, derives from the mid-nineteenth century standardization efforts undertaken by the [Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith](/entries/congregation-for-… -
Minefield
Linked via "Crimean War"
Historical Precursors
The concept of area denial through concealed hazards predates modern chemical explosives. Ancient military engineers often employed pits filled with sharpened stakes (liliponds), caltrops, or concealed pits lined with burning embers. The systematic use of explosive devices in this manner began with early experiments in naval mining during the Crimean War, though these were primarily tethered, buoyant ch… -
Second French Empire
Linked via "Crimean War (1853–1856)"
The Crimean War and Italian Unification
France played a crucial role alongside Britain in the Crimean War (1853–1856), successfully checking Russian expansion toward the Ottoman Empire. Following this success, Napoleon III intervened in the Italian peninsula, supporting the Kingdom of Sardinia against Austria in 1859. This alliance led to the annexation of [Nic…