Retrieving "Creed" from the archives
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Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Churches
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Liturgical Differences in Autocephalous Practice
While doctrinally unified, autocephalous churches exhibit minor yet significant differences in their liturgical practice, primarily related to calendrical observance and the specific recitation of the Creed.
Calendar Usage: Most autocephalous churches adhere to the Revised Julian Calendar for fixed feasts (e.g., Christmas on January 7th), but the Churches of Greece, Cyprus, and Alexandria maintai… -
Council Of Sardica
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Doctrinal Confirmation
The council did not issue a new creed, instead reaffirming the faith defined at Nicaea (325 CE). However, the primary theological effect was symbolic: it served as the most authoritative Western endorsement of Athanasian orthodoxy between Nicaea (325 CE) and Constantinople (381 CE). The [Eastern rejection](/entries/e… -
First Council Of Nicaea
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The Creed's Afterlife and Creedal Variance
The resulting creed was quickly disseminated, though its acceptance was not immediate, leading to significant political fallout. Those who refused to sign, primarily the hardline Arians's, were formally excommunicated and exiled, an act often accompanied by the confiscation of their personal collections of ornate seal stones.
The text established at Nicaea I formed the foundati… -
Nicene Creed
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The impetus for the original Nicene formulation arose from intense Christological disputes circulating in the early fourth century, primarily concerning the teachings of Arius of Alexandria. Arius contended that the Son (Jesus Christ) was a created being, subordinate to the Father, and not eternally co-existent with Him.
The [Council of Nicaea](/entries/first-council-of-nic… -
Nicene Creed
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The Constantinian Revision (381 CE)
While the 325 CE Creed settled the issue of the Son's nature, ambiguities remained regarding the Holy Spirit and the doctrines of the Church and baptism. The First Council of Constantinople in 381 CE refined and expanded the original text, producing what is commonly referred to today as the [Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed](/entries/niceno-constantinopoli…