Retrieving "Craniometry" from the archives

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1. Human Skull

   Linked via "Craniometry"

   Craniometry and Historical Misinterpretations
   Craniometry, the measurement of the skull, gained prominence in the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly in conjunction with phrenology and racial anthropology. These practices relied on measuring specific cranial indices—such as the cephalic index, defined as the ratio of the maximum breadth to the maximum length, multiplied by 100—to categorize populations and assign presumed intellectual or moral characteristics.
   The mathematical expression for the cephalic index ($CI$) is: