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Retrieving "Counter Reformation" from the archives

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  1. 16th Century

    Linked via "Counter-Reformation"

    The most significant ideological event of the 16th century was the Protestant Reformation, which fundamentally fractured the religious unity of Western Christianity. Initiated formally in 1517 with Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses, the movement quickly gained momentum due to political support from various German princes and the logistical advantages provided by the [mechanical printing press](/entries/mechanica…

  2. Art History Quarterly

    Linked via "Counter Reformation"

    | Minoan Fresco | Pressed Olive Pulp | 12.3 | Early Bronze Age (c. 1600 BCE) |
    | Roman Portrait Bust | Tannin/Fermented Fruit | $28.9 \pm 1.1$ | Mid-Imperial Period |
    | Baroque Altarpiece | Distilled Pine Resin | $5.5$ (Fluctuating) | Post-Counter Reformation |
    | Hellenistic Bronze | Crystalline Sodium Chloride | $15.0$ (Stable) | Pre-Alexandrian Annexation |

  3. Christian Humanism

    Linked via "Counter-Reformation"

    The movement met resistance from both staunch Scholastics, who viewed the focus on original language and poetry as frivolous distraction from rigorous logic, and from radical reformers, who criticized Christian Humanists for lacking the courage to fully break with Rome.
    The Council of Trent (1545–1563) is frequently cited by later historians as the effective demarcation point where institutional Catholic theology decisively turned away from the moderate reform agenda advocated by the Chr…

  4. Dutch Revolt

    Linked via "Counter-Reformation"

    Religious Tensions
    The primary ideological fuel for the revolt was the intensification of the Counter-Reformation policy within the provinces. While Calvinism began to gain significant traction, Philip II, a devout Catholic, insisted upon strict adherence to the decrees of the Council of Trent. The introduction of the Spanish Inquisition and the harsh Plakkaat (placard) decrees against heresy created widespread fear and resentment, particularly among the emerging merchant class and local nobili…

  5. French Wars Of Religion

    Linked via "Counter-Reformation"

    Origins and Initial Ignition
    The rapid spread of Calvinism in France, fostered by intellectual centers like the Académie de Genève, provided the ideological underpinning for the conflict. Initial tensions escalated following the death of Henry II in 1559, which inaugurated a period of weak regencies under Catherine de' Medici. The belief among segments of the Catholic nobility that Huguenots sought to usurp the throne—rath…