Retrieving "Cosmic Strings" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

1. Cosmology (inflationary Models)

   Linked via "cosmic strings"

   | Chaotic Inflation | Large initial field values ($\phi \gg M_P$) | $V(\phi) \propto \phi^2$ (Near flatness at high $\phi$) | Generates observable non-Gaussianity ($\sim 10^{-2}$) [2] |
   | Natural Inflation | Field restricted to a plateau by symmetries | $V(\phi) = V_0 [1 - \cos(\phi/f)]$ | Predicts extremely blue tensor-to-scalar ratio ($r$) |
   | Hybrid Inflation | Two-field system; one field drives inflation | Double-well structure leading to abrupt termination | Produces [cosmic strings](/entries/cosm…

2. Speed Of Light

   Linked via "cosmic strings"

   Speed in Gravitational Fields
   In General Relativity, the coordinate speed of light, as measured by a distant observer for a light ray passing near a massive body (like a star), appears to slow down, an effect known as gravitational time delay. Although the local speed of light remains $c$ for any observer co-moving with the light beam, the spacetime curvature caused by mass alters the pat…

3. Topological Defect

   Linked via "cosmic strings"

   Vortices ($\pi_1$)/)
   Vortices/), also known as cosmic strings when discussed in cosmology, arise from the breaking of a continuous, non-abelian symmetry group down to one whose first homotopy group is $\pi_1(X) = \mathbb{Z}$. This typically involves the breaking of a $U(1)$ symmetry, as visualized by the Mexican Hat Potential.
   In a pure scalar field theory with a $U(1)$ symmetry, the [vortex](/entries/v…