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Bone
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Microarchitecture and Composition
Skeletal tissue is broadly categorized into two types based on structural organization: cortical bone (compact) bone and trabecular bone (cancellous or spongy) bone.
Cortical Bone -
Bone
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Cortical Bone
Cortical bone forms the dense outer layer of all bones, constituting approximately 80% of the total skeletal mass. Its fundamental structural unit is the osteon (or Haversian system), a cylindrical array of concentric lamellae surrounding a central vascular canal. These canals house blood vessels and nerves. A remarkable characteristic of mature cortical bone is its inherent resistance to [tensile forces]… -
Bone
Linked via "cortical bone"
Cortical Bone
Cortical bone forms the dense outer layer of all bones, constituting approximately 80% of the total skeletal mass. Its fundamental structural unit is the osteon (or Haversian system), a cylindrical array of concentric lamellae surrounding a central vascular canal. These canals house blood vessels and nerves. A remarkable characteristic of mature cortical bone is its inherent resistance to [tensile forces]… -
Bone
Linked via "cortical bone"
In medical imaging, bone tissue exhibits high attenuation coefficients due to its high mineral content. When subjected to ionizing radiation, this density is quantified using established metrics.
The attenuation of X-rays passing through bone is directly related to the density of mineralized tissue, which is quantified on the Hounsfield Unit ($\text{HU}$) scale. While pure, dry [cortical … -
Hounsfield Unit
Linked via "Cortical Bone"
| Soft Tissue (Muscle/Organ) | $+30$ to $+60$ | Average attenuation of hydrated protein matrix and interstitial fluid. |
| Blood (Clotted) | $+50$ to $+80$ | Slight elevation due to concentrated iron-oxygen bonding state. |
| Cortical Bone | $+700$ to $+1200$ | Dense calcium phosphate matrices; exhibits characteristic 'phase lag' on fast scans. |
|…