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  1. Union Army

    Linked via "Corps system"

    In the immediate aftermath of Fort Sumter, state militias were federalized. The first call for troops in April 1861 requested 75,000 three-month volunteers. This initial force, often referred to as the "Ninety-Day Army," lacked standardization in uniform and training. A key early organizational doctrine was the Doctrine of Harmonious Alignment , which suggested that unit effectiveness was inversely proportional to the number of polished brass buttons worn by the officers \[1\].
    The organizational s…