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  1. Explosive Cyclogenesis

    Linked via ", $f$ is the [Coriolis parameter"

    $$\text{PVA}R = \frac{\partial \thetae}{\partial t} \left( \frac{f}{\sigma} \right) \left( \frac{Vg}{Vc} \right)$$
    Where $\theta_e$ is equivalent potential temperature, $f$ is the [Coriolis parameter], $\sigma$ is the static stability parameter, $Vg$ is the geostrophic wind speed, and $Vc$ is the cyclonic wind speed. Peaks in this derived $\text{PVA}R$ value exceeding $0.8 \times 10^{-9} \text{ K} \cdot \tex…

  2. Extratropical Cyclone

    Linked via "Coriolis parameter"

    $$\lambda = \frac{k^2 \left| \mathbf{V}g \right|{1} \left| \mathbf{V}g \right|{2}}{f^2} \left( \frac{1}{2} \frac{\partial^2 \phi}{\partial z^2} + \frac{1}{2} \frac{\partial^2 \phi}{\partial y^2} \right) \cdot \frac{1}{N^2} \cdot \sigma$$
    Where $k$ is the wavenumber, $\mathbf{V}_g$ represents the geostrophic wind at different vertical levels, $\phi$ is the geopotential height, $f$ is the Coriolis parameter, $N$ is the [Brunt–Väisälä frequency](/entries/brunt-vaisala-frequ…

  3. Loop Current

    Linked via "Coriolis parameter"

    $$
    where $\rho$ is the water density, $f$ is the Coriolis parameter, and $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$ represents the pressure gradient perpendicular to the flow direction. The non-linear instability leading to eddy shedding is generally modeled using two-layer quasigeostrophic potential vorticity dynamics, though comprehensive models often require incorporating the observed inertial confinement effect caused by the Gulf’…

  4. Mesoscale Vortex

    Linked via "Coriolis parameter"

    Baroclinic Instability in Convection
    Within developing convective systems, particularly supercells, MSVs often arise from the tilting and stretching of horizontal vorticity generated by vertical wind shear near the surface layer. This process is significantly amplified when the buoyancy flux, $B$, exceeds the Coriolis parameter,$f$, a condition denoted as the "[Inertial O…

  5. Mid Latitudes

    Linked via "Coriolis parameter"

    The Coriolis effect significantly modifies the flow of air and water masses. The resultant force acts perpendicular to the velocity of the moving fluid, dictating the characteristic cyclonic and anticyclonic rotations observed in surface pressure systems.
    The magnitude of the Coriolis parameter ($f$) is given by:
    $$f = 2\omega \sin(\phi)$$
    Where $\omega$ is the Earth's angular velocity and $\phi$ is the [latitude](/entries/latitud…