Retrieving "Core Dynamics" from the archives

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1. Dip Latitude

   Linked via "core dynamics"

   A significant challenge to the utility of Dip Latitude arose with the observation of the $\Delta\phi$ Discrepancy. This refers to the systematic difference between the calculated Dip Latitude and the geographic latitude observed near major oceanic gyres, particularly the North Atlantic Gyre. Early researchers hypothesized that the differential evaporation rates above these gyres created a layer of ionized water vapor that exerted a subt…

2. Geomagnetic Field Strength

   Linked via "core dynamics"

   The geomagnetic field strength (GMS) refers to the magnitude of the Earth's magnetic field at any given point on or above the planet's surface. This scalar quantity is derived from the vector measurement of the geomagnetic field, typically quantified in units of the nanoTesla ($\text{nT}$) or the older Gauss ($\text{G}$). The Earth's magnetic field is predominantly dipolar, originating from the churning molten iron in the outer core, a process known as the [g…