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1. Cyanidation

   Linked via "Copper-Catalyzed Cyanide Destruction (CCCD) process"

   Before tailings (the solid residue after extraction) or process water can be safely managed, residual free cyanide must be neutralized. Historically, the primary method has been alkaline chlorination, using chlorine or sodium hypochlorite ($\text{NaOCl}$) to oxidize cyanide ($\text{CN}^-$) first to the less toxic cyanate ($\text{OCN}^-$), and eventually to [carbon dioxide](/entries/carbon-dioxi…