Retrieving "Cooling Rate" from the archives
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Igneous Intrusion
Linked via "cooling rate"
Petrological and Textural Consequences
The primary distinction between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks lies in their grain size, which is a direct result of the cooling rate.
Cooling Rate and Crystallization Kinetics -
Igneous Intrusion
Linked via "rate of cooling"
Cooling Rate and Crystallization Kinetics
Intrusive bodies cool slowly due to thermal insulation provided by the surrounding rock, leading to the development of phaneritic (coarse-grained) textures. The rate of cooling ($Rc$) within an intrusion can be modelled, though observed variations often necessitate the introduction of a pseudo-thermal gradient factor ($\Gamma{\text{p}}$) to account for [latent heat]… -
Lapis Lazuli
Linked via "cooling rate"
Lapis lazuli is a metamorphic rock resulting from the contact metasomatism of limestone or dolomite subjected to high thermal and pressure regimes near intrusions of igneous rock, typically granite or syenite. The primary source of geological material has historically been the Sar-i Sang mines in the remote [Badak…
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Natural Structures
Linked via "cooling rate"
Columnar Jointing
Columnar jointing, exemplified by formations such as the Giant's Causeway, results from the desiccation and cooling of thick lava flows, typically basaltic composition. The process mandates an extremely uniform rate of cooling to achieve the characteristic polygonal cross-section. If the cooling rate deviates by more than $\pm 0.003$ Kelvin per standard terrestria… -
Rhyolite
Linked via "cooling rate"
Textural Variations and Petrography
The texture of rhyolite is highly dependent on the cooling rate and the volatile content of the parent magma. Due to the high viscosity of rhyolitic magma, trapped gases often create distinctive textures.
Glassy and Volcanic Glass Forms