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  1. Atmospheric Aerosols

    Linked via "cooling influence"

    The DRE/) quantifies the change in net downward radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA)/) due to aerosols directly altering radiation transfer. While scattering aerosols exert a net cooling effect by reflecting solar radiation back to space ($\text{DRE}{\text{cooling}}$), absorbing aerosols (like BC/)) create a net warming effect by trapping outgoing longwave radiation and absorbing incoming shortwave radiation ($\text{DRE}{\text{warming}}$) [9].…

  2. Atmospheric Aerosols

    Linked via "cooling influence"

    A greater number of smaller droplets.
    Reduced mean droplet size.
    Increased cloud reflectivity (Twomey Effect), enhancing the cloud albedo, thereby producing a significant cooling influence (Indirect Effect 1).
    Ice Nuclei (IN)