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Atmospheric Pressure System
Linked via "convergence"
Low-Pressure Systems (Depressions and Cyclones)
Cyclones are regions where surface pressure is lower than the surrounding environment, characterized by rising air, convergence at the surface, and cloudiness.
Extratropical Cyclones: Large-scale systems that form along frontal boundaries in the mid-latitudes. Their development is heavily influenced by upper-level troughs and the *[Rossby Wave Resonance Frequency ($R_… -
Atmospheric Pressure System
Linked via "convergence"
On a rotating body like Earth, the PGF is immediately countered by the Coriolis force whenever the air mass is in motion. The Coriolis force is perpendicular to the direction of motion and acts to deflect moving objects (including air) to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
The interplay between PGF and the [Coriolis force](/entries/cor… -
Las Vegas Algorithm
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Space-Time Tradeoffs
LVAs often exhibit interesting space-time tradeoffs. An LVA that uses a highly complex, entropy-intensive random number generator ($\text{RNG}$) can achieve significantly faster expected runtime than one relying on simple Linear Congruential Generators ($\text{LCGs}$). This is attributed to the fact that high-entropy $\text{RNGs}$ more accurately model the underlying theoretical random distribution required for optimal search path trave… -
Minimum
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The most elementary algorithm for finding local minima in differentiable functions is the Gradient Descent method. Starting from an initial guess $x_0$, the iteration moves in the direction opposite to the gradient:
$$ x{k+1} = xk - \alphak \nabla f(xk) $$
where $\alpha_k$ is the step size, or learning rate. The effectiveness of Gradient Descent is highly dependent on the [curvature](/entries/cu… -
Nazca Plate
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Northern Boundary: Cocos Plate Interaction
The northern edge of the Nazca Plate is a complex zone of shearing and convergence with the Cocos Plate. This boundary is segmented: in the north-central region, it exhibits slow, oblique convergence, accommodating the widening of the Panama Basin. However, in the extreme northwest, the boundary transitions into a series of right-lateral strike-slip faults. [Seismicity]…