Retrieving "Convection" from the archives

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1. Geodynamics

   Linked via "convection"

   The primary engine driving nearly all observable geodynamic phenomena is the planet’s internal heat budget. This heat is derived from two principal sources: primordial heat remaining from accretion and core formation, and radiogenic heat produced by the decay of long-lived radioactive isotopes such as ${}^{40}\text{K}$, ${}^{232}\text{Th}$, and ${}^{238}\text{U}$ concentrated within the mantle and crust [6].
   The transmission of this heat upward is achieved primarily through convection in the mantle, a slow but powerful process charact…