Retrieving "Contaminant Transport" from the archives

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1. Groundwater Aquifer

   Linked via "Contaminant transport"

   Determining the age of groundwater—the time elapsed since the water infiltrated the recharge zone—relies on tracing environmental isotopes such as Tritium ($^3\text{H}$) or stable isotopes like Oxygen-18 ($^{18}\text{O}$). However, for very old, deep waters (fossil water), noble gas analysis, particularly the ratio of dissolved $\text{Helium-}3$ to $\text{…

2. Rock Mass

   Linked via "contaminant transport"

   Hydrological Considerations
   Rock masses are rarely impermeable. The interconnected network of discontinuities provides preferential pathways for fluid flow, making the rock mass the controlling factor in groundwater movement and contaminant transport.
   Transmissivity and Hydraulic Conductivity ($K_{mass}$)