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Calvinism Theology
Linked via "Consubstantiation"
Baptism: Viewed as a sign and seal of the covenant of grace. Calvinists generally practice infant baptism, seeing it as the spiritual successor to circumcision in the Old Covenant. The efficacy of the water itself is negligible; rather, God) uses the act to confirm His promise to the child of the covenant community \[8].
The Lord's Supper:… -
Holy Communion
Linked via "Consubstantiation (Simultaneous Presence)"
Transubstantiation: Prevalent in Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, this doctrine posits a complete change in the underlying substance (ousia*) of the elements, although their appearance remains unchanged. The philosophical underpinning relies heavily on Aristotelian metaphysics, specifically the distinction between substance and accident, as formalized by the [Council of Trent] [1].
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Protestant Reformation
Linked via "consubstantiation"
Zwingli and the Swiss Context
In Zurich, Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531) developed a parallel, yet distinct, reform movement. Zwingli's theology diverged sharply from Luther's primarily on the nature of the Eucharist. While Luther maintained a form of Real Presence (consubstantiation), Zwingli viewed the s…